Bottled water is a common household item that people rely on for convenience and portability. However, many are uncertain about how long they can keep it. While bottled water doesn't spoil in the traditional sense, its shelf life and safety can be affected by various factors, such as packaging and storage conditions. In this guide, we'll explore how long bottled water can last, what influences its longevity, and how to store it properly.
Understanding Expiration Dates on Bottled Water
One of the first things to consider is the expiration date printed on bottled water. While water itself doesn’t expire, most bottles come with a “best by” date. This date isn’t an indication of spoilage but is more related to the degradation of the plastic bottle over time, which can affect the taste and safety of the water.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) doesn’t require bottled water manufacturers to include an expiration date, but most companies do it voluntarily. Typically, the date ranges from one to two years after the production date. This timeframe is based on the idea that plastic containers may start to break down, potentially releasing chemicals that alter the taste and quality of the water.
How Long Does Bottled Water Last Unopened?
Unopened bottled water can last for several years, particularly if it's stored in optimal conditions. Manufacturers often suggest a shelf life of up to two years for plastic bottles and longer for glass bottles, but the water inside remains safe to drink even beyond that. The key factors that influence longevity include the type of container and where the water is stored.
Plastic bottles, especially those made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), are more susceptible to degradation over time than glass or aluminum containers. As long as the bottle remains sealed and stored away from direct sunlight or extreme temperatures, the water inside will generally remain fresh and safe for years.
Can Bottled Water Go Bad?
Technically, water doesn’t go bad in the way that food does. However, the plastic bottle containing the water can degrade over time, potentially leading to changes in taste or odor. Chemicals from the plastic, such as phthalates, may leach into the water after prolonged storage, especially when exposed to heat.
Heat and light can speed up the degradation process, which is why bottled water stored in a car or outside may taste off after a while. While it may still be safe to drink, the quality will not be as high as fresh water stored in optimal conditions.
The Role of Plastic in Bottled Water Longevity
The quality and type of plastic used in bottled water packaging can significantly affect how long it lasts. Most bottled water is packaged in PET plastic, which is lightweight, durable, and cost-effective. However, PET plastic isn’t completely impermeable, and over time, gases and chemicals can leach into the water, especially when exposed to heat or UV rays.
Types of Plastic Used in Bottled Water
- Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): The most common type of plastic used for single-use bottles. It is designed for short-term storage and is sensitive to heat and sunlight.
- High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Often used for large water jugs. It has better resistance to heat and is more durable than PET.
- Polycarbonate: Typically used in reusable water containers and large water dispensers. It is more durable but has been criticized for containing bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical linked to health concerns.
Chemical Leaching from Plastic Bottles
Over time, plastic bottles can begin to release small amounts of chemicals into the water. These chemicals, like antimony and BPA (if present), are more likely to leach under certain conditions, such as exposure to high temperatures. Although the levels of these chemicals are typically very low, they can still affect the water’s taste and potentially have long-term health implications if consumed in large quantities over time.
Storage Conditions: How to Properly Store Bottled Water
Proper storage is key to extending the shelf life of bottled water. The main factors to consider are temperature, exposure to light, and the position of the bottles.
Temperature and Bottled Water
Water should ideally be stored at room temperature or cooler. Heat accelerates the breakdown of plastic, which can affect both the taste and the safety of the water. Avoid storing bottled water in hot places like a car trunk or near heating appliances. Ideally, keep it in a cool, dark place like a pantry or basement.
Sunlight and UV Exposure
Direct sunlight and UV exposure can also damage the plastic and affect water quality. Over time, UV rays can cause chemical reactions in the plastic, leading to an off-taste in the water. Storing water in a dark, cool environment is the best way to preserve its freshness.
Signs Bottled Water Has Gone Bad
Though bottled water itself doesn’t spoil, there are signs that the water may no longer be safe or pleasant to drink:
- Taste: If the water has a plastic or chemical taste, it may indicate that chemicals have leached from the bottle.
- Smell: A strange odor can be a sign of contamination or plastic breakdown.
- Cloudiness: Water should be clear. Cloudiness could be a sign of bacterial growth or other contaminants.
If you notice any of these signs, it’s best to dispose of the water.
Is Bottled Water Still Safe to Drink After Expiration?
If you’ve stored bottled water properly, it’s usually safe to drink even after the expiration date has passed. However, the taste and quality might not be as good as it was when fresh. Over time, the water may absorb chemicals from the plastic bottle, resulting in a slightly off taste.
The Safety of Reusing Bottled Water Containers
Many people choose to reuse bottled water containers, but this comes with certain risks. Over time, small cracks and scratches can harbor bacteria, making it difficult to clean the bottle thoroughly. Additionally, repeatedly washing the bottle can cause the plastic to break down, increasing the risk of chemical leaching. If you reuse plastic water bottles, it's essential to clean them thoroughly with soap and water and avoid reusing them for too long.
Comparing Bottled Water to Tap Water in Longevity
When comparing bottled water to tap water, tap water is generally consumed shortly after it's drawn and treated, while bottled water may sit for months or years before use. Both can last a long time when stored properly, but bottled water is more likely to be affected by packaging and storage conditions. Tap water should be stored in a clean container and can last for up to six months under the right conditions.
Environmental Impact of Bottled Water Shelf Life
The extended shelf life of bottled water contributes to the growing issue of plastic waste. Since plastic bottles can take hundreds of years to break down, every unused or expired bottle adds to the environmental burden. Recycling programs can help mitigate this, but the best solution is to reduce the consumption of single-use plastic bottles in favor of more sustainable alternatives like reusable bottles.